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Elements of Engineering
Electromagnetics
Fourth Edition
Prentice Hall, 1994
By N. Narayana Rao

Preface

The existing introductory textbooks on engineering electromagnetic can be classified broadly into three categories:

One-semester textbooks based on the historical approach covering essentially electrostatics and magnetostatics and culminating in Maxwell s eeluations with some discussion of their applications.
Two-semester textbooks with the first half or more covering electrostatics and magnetostatics as in category I and the remainder devoted to topics associated with electromagnetic waves.
One- or two-semester textbooks that have deviated from the historical approach with the degree and nature of deviation depending on the author.

This book belongs to category 3 and the deviation from the historical approach originating with the first edition, a one-semester textbook, has been preserved in the subsequent editions and expanded for one- or two-semester usage to provide flexibility and include PC programs among other teaching aids. The substantial changes leading to the fourth edition have been prompted by the increasing need for coverage of material at the introductory level for application beyond the microwave region into the optical regime of the electromagnetic spectrum with the advent of the era of photonics overlapping with that of electronics. Thus Chapter I0 of the third edition on antennas has been converted to Chapter 11 and a new Chapter I0 has been created by shifting the material on total internal rejection and dielectric slab waveguides in the previous Chapter 9 and adding new material on topics of interest to photonics. Sections on cylindrical metallic waveguides and losses in waveguides and resonators have been added to Chapter 9 and a section on aperture antennas has been added to Chapter 11. The 18 PC programs written in BASIC for the IBM PC have heen retained and one new program has been included.

As in the second and third editions, this edition incorporates flexibility to facilitate its adoption according to the following options:

For a three-credit one-semester course or for a four-credit one-quarter course based on coverage of a combination of chapters, depending on the background preparation of the students and the needs of the curriculum. Some examples are
(a) Chapters I through 6
(b) Chapters 3 through 6 plus parts of Chapters 7, 8, 9, and 10
(c) Chapters 6 through 11
For a two-semester or two-quarter sequence covering the entire book
As a text or supplementary text for a course emphasizing PC-assisted instruction

The thread of development of the material, evident from a reading of the table of contents, is essentially along the lines of the second and third editions. Some of the salient features are the following:

Discusses materials following the presentation of electric and magnetic field concepts and prior to the study or Maxwell's equations
Introduces collectively Maxwell's equations tor time-varying fields, first in integral form and then in differential form
Considers boundary conditions following Maxwell's equations in integral form, and potential functions and associated equations following Maxwell's equations in differential form
Devotes a chapter to the development of selected topics in static and quasistatic fields in addition to the coverage of static fields in earlier chapters
Obtains uniform plane wave solutions by considering the infinite plane current sheet source first in free space and then in a material medium
Develops time-domain analysis of transmission lines in a progressive manner beginning with the case of a resistive load and culminating in the discussion of interconnections between logic gates
Presents sinusoidal steady-state analysis or transmission lines comprising the topics of standing waves, resonance, power transfer, and matching with emphasis on computer and graphical solutions
Discusses metallic waveguides by first introducing the parallel-plate waveguide by considering the superposition of two obliquely propagating uniform plane waves between two perfect conductors and then extending to rectangular and cylindrical waveguides
Devotes a chapter for electromagnetic principles for photonics, building up on the coverage of wave phenomena in earlier chapters
Introduces radiation by obtaining the complete fieid solution to the Hertzian dipole field through the magnetic vector potential, and then developing the basic concepts of antennas

All the teaching and learning aids employed in the previous editions have been retained: (1) examples distributed throughout the text, (2) discussion or practical applications of field concepts and phenomena interspersed among presentations of basic subject matter, (3) descriptions of brief experimental demonstrations suitable for presentation in the classroom, (4) summary of material and review questions for each chapter, (5) inclusion of drill problems (D) with answers at the end of each section, (6) marginal notes, and (7) key words (K) at the end of each section. Answers are provided for about 40 percent of the end-of-chapter problems. The comprehensive, user-interactive software package, extending the PC programs in the book and including additional topics made available with the third edition, has been updated for this edition and is again available free of charge. For information, write to the author, c/o Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, William L. Everitt Laboratory, 1406 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801.

I wish to express my appreciation to many colleagues at the University of 11linois who have taught from the previous editions of the book during the period from 1977 to 1993. Listed in alphabetical order are M. T. Birand, D. J. Brady, K. Y. Cheng, S. L. Chuang, D. H. Cooper, C. Daft, T. A. DeTemple, S. J. Franke, L. A. Frizzell, S. D. Gedney, R. Gilbert, S. Gnanalingam, K. C. Hsieh, J. Joseph, K. Kim, P. W. Klock, J. Kolodzey, E. Kudeki, J. P. Leburton, S. W. Lee, C. H. Liu, R. L. Magin, K. Mahadevan, P. E. Mast, E. A. Mechtly, H. Merkelo, K. L. Miller, R. Mittra, H. Morkoc, G. C. Papen, A. F. Peterson, P. L. Ransom, U. Ravaioli, J. Schutt-Aine, C. F. Sechrist, Jr., L. G. Smith, A. Steinbach, D. R. Tanner, R. J. Turnbull, A. W. Wernik, K. Whites, and K. C. Yeh. Thanks are also due to the numerous users of the book at other schools. The evolution of this book and the associated software would not have been possible without the many opportunities provided to me by my Department Heads since joining the University of Illinois in 1965, the late E. C. Jordan, followed by G. W. Swenson, Jr., E. W. Ernst, and T. N. Trick. Many individuals in the department have provided support over the years; I am particularly appreciative of Mrs. Lilian H. Beck, Editor, Publications, in this regard. Sheryle Carpenter and Laurie Oakes performed the office duties in an admirable manner that ensured smooth functioning of the office at all times during my tenure as Associate Head of the Department since 1987. The typing of the new portions of the manuscript was done by Kelly Voyles in a prompt and skillful manner. As always, I am deeply indebted to my wife Sarojini for her continued understanding and patience.

N. Narayana Rao